By treating the scalp not just the flakes. Two of the most common conditions that cause dandruff include seborrheic dermatitis and scalp psoriasis. Dandruff improves when the underlying scalp condition is identified and treated correctly, there are many other conditions that can cause dandruff.
Dandruff due to oily scalp (seborrhoeic dermatitis), treatment focuses on reducing yeast overgrowth, calming inflammation, and normalising oil activity. This often involves active ingredients such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, sulphur, colloidal oat, or salicylic acid to control flaking and microbial imbalance. Supporting the scalp barrier with calming ingredients like niacinamide, panthenol, ceramides, and peppermint helps reduce irritation and improve comfort. Hormones play a major role in regulating oil production on the scalp. When hormones like androgens shift, the oil glands can become overactive or underactive, which can contribute to flaking, itching, congestion, and scalp inflammation. On average you should be washing your hair every second day (depending on oil production). This will remove excess oil, sweat, dead skin cells, and product buildup, keeping the scalp balanced and reducing the risk of dandruff.
Scalp psoriasis requires a different approach because it is driven by immune overactivity rather than yeast. Treatment commonly includes salicylic acid to soften thick scale, LED, LLLT, followed by medicated treatments prescribed by a medical practitioner to slow excessive skin turnover and reduce inflammation. Barrier repair and gentle scalp care remain important, but psoriasis often needs ongoing medical oversight for stable control.
The first step in clearing dandruff is accurate diagnosis. A Trichologist examines the scalp under magnification to identify whether flakes are caused by yeast activity, irritation, product build up, psoriasis, or true dryness. Treating the wrong condition can make symptoms worse or prolong recovery. Over-washing, aggressive scrubbing, and frequently switching products can disrupt the scalp barrier and slow improvement.
Visible improvement usually occurs within two to four weeks when the correct treatment is used consistently. Maintenance is often required, as dandruff can recur if products are stopped.
If flakes persist, spread beyond the scalp, become thick or yellow, or fail to improve after several weeks of correct treatment, professional assessment is recommended. Book a professional scalp assessment in Brighton.
